Key takeaways:
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Bitcoin evolves on two clocks: slow, consensus-driven changes at the base layer and fast experimentation at the edges.
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Major upgrades (such as Taproot) arrive through cautious soft forks after long review.
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Rapid shifts such as Lightning payments and Ordinals happen without changing Bitcoin’s core rules, which is why headlines move faster than the L1.
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The “50-year” line is a cue to look at where change occurs, whether in the core protocol or at the edge, before judging whether Bitcoin has truly changed.
On November 10, 2025, Ripple…

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