Software reliability is a persistent problem for developers because IT systems are built on unreliable components: hardware degrades; software has bugs; networks drop packets; large language models (LLMs) hallucinate; power fails.
An executing program runs to completion unless:
A. The program or OS encounters a bug
B. An external failure, such as a machine losing power or rebooting, occurs
C. There’s a hardware failure
Here’s a small example that illustrates the problem.
As I’m writing this article, I have an electrician working on the…

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