Bell Labs “created many of the foundational innovations of the modern age,” writes Jon Gertner, author of The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation — from transistors and telecommunications satellites to Unix and the C programming language.
But what was the secret to its success? he asks in a new article for the Wall Street Journal. Start with its lucky arrival in a “problem-rich” environment, suggests Arno Penzia, winner of one of Bell Labs’ 11 Nobel…

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