As the Covid-19 pandemic swept across the globe with unprecedented speed and impact, countries raced to develop vaccines only to run into an unforeseen bottleneck. International trade slowed to a crawl, and global supply chains collapsed almost immediately when the virus spread. Acquiring key ingredients for vaccines became increasingly challenging, ruthlessly exposing the myth of industrial self-sufficiency.
In India, the crisis was more acute. Despite its scientific capabilities and strong talent pool, the country still relied on imports for…
